Friction

 Chisom and Mesoma, you're welcome to Master Segun's Class 


    Friction

Definition: The force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact


Types of Friction

1. Static Friction: The force that opposes the initial motion of an object

2. Kinetic Friction: The force that opposes the motion of an object that is already moving

3. Rolling Friction: The force that opposes the motion of an object that is rolling on a surface

Causes of Friction

✓Surfaces in Contact: Friction occurs when two surfaces are in contact with each other

✓Normal Force: The force that is perpendicular to the surface that the object is on

✓Coefficient of Friction: A value that represents the amount of friction between two surfaces

✓Adhesion: The attraction between two surfaces that are in contact


Factors Affecting Friction

✓Surface Roughness: The rougher the surface, the more friction there will be

✓Surface Area: The larger the surface area, the more friction there will be

✓Normal Force: The greater the normal force, the more friction there will be

✓Velocity: The faster the object is moving, the less friction there will be

✓Temperature: The higher the temperature, the less friction there will be

Formula

Friction (F) = Coefficient of Friction (μ) x Normal Force (N)



Examples

1. A car accelerating on a road

2. A person walking on a slippery floor

3. A block sliding down a rough incline


Solved Problems 

1. Calculate the frictional force on a block that is pulled with a force of 30 N on a surface with a coefficient of friction of 0.6:

Friction (F) = Coefficient of Friction (μ) x Normal Force (N)

F = 0.6 x 30 N

F = 18 N

2. Calculate the frictional force on a car that is traveling at 60 km/h on a road with a coefficient of friction of 0.8:

First, we need to convert the velocity from km/h to m/s:

60 km/h = 60,000 m / 3600 s = 16.7 m/s

Then, we can calculate the frictional force:

Friction (F) = Coefficient of Friction (μ) x Normal Force (N)

F = 0.8 x 16.7 m/s x 1500 kg (assuming a car mass of 1500 kg)

F = 2000 N

3. Calculate the frictional force on a person who is walking on a floor with a coefficient of friction of 0.4. If they weigh 600 N, what is the frictional force on them?

Friction (F) = Coefficient of Friction (μ) x Normal Force (N)

F = 0.4 x 600 N

F = 240 N

4. Calculate the frictional force on a block that is sliding down an inclined plane with a coefficient of friction of 0.5. If the block has a mass of 20 kg and the inclined plane is at an angle of 30 degrees, what is the frictional force on the block?

First, we need to calculate the normal force (N) on the block:

N = mg x cos(30 degrees)

N = 20 kg x 9.8 m/s^2 x cos(30 degrees)

N = 140 N

Then, we can calculate the frictional force:

Friction (F) = Coefficient of Friction (μ) x Normal Force (N)

F = 0.5 x 140 N

F = 70 N


Practice Problems

1. Calculate the frictional force on a block that is pulled with a force of 20 N on a surface with a coefficient of friction of 0.5

2. A car is traveling at 50 km/h on a road with a coefficient of friction of 0.7. What is the frictional force on the car?

3. A person is walking on a floor with a coefficient of friction of 0.3. If they weigh 500 N, what is the frictional force on them?

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