Momentum

Chisom and Mesoma, I want to welcome you to Master Segun's Class 


 Momentum

Definition: The product of an object's mass and velocity

Equation: Momentum (p) = mass (m) x velocity (v)

Units: kg m/s

Key Points

Momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.

The more massive an object is, the more momentum it will have

The faster an object is moving, the more momentum it will have

Momentum is conserved in closed systems, meaning that the total momentum before an interaction is equal to the total momentum after the interaction


Types of Momentum

1. Linear momentum: The product of an object's mass and linear velocity

2. Angular momentum: The product of an object's moment of inertia and angular velocity


Factors Affecting Momentum

1. Mass: Increasing the mass of an object will increase its momentum

2. Velocity: Increasing the velocity of an object will increase its momentum

3. Friction: Friction can decrease the momentum of an object by opposing its motion

4. Force: A net force acting on an object can change its momentum


Real-World Applications

1. Momentum is used in transportation systems, such as cars and trains, to describe the motion of vehicles

2. Momentum is used in sports, such as football and hockey, to describe the motion of players and objects

3. Momentum is used in space exploration to describe the motion of spacecraft and planets

4. Momentum is used in engineering_ to design and optimize systems, such as propulsion systems and collision protection systems


Formula: 

Momentum = Mass × Velocity 

                     P = MV

Example 

Calculate the momentum of a 1000 kg car moving at 20 m/s


Momentum = 1000kg × 20m/s

                     = 20,000 Kg-m/s or N-s


Practice Problems

1. Calculate the momentum of a 50 kg person running at 5 m/s

2. A 2000 kg car is moving at 30 m/s. What is its momentum?

3. A baseball player hits a ball with a bat. If the ball has a mass of 0.15 kg and a velocity of 30 m/s, what is its momentum?



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